学科：英语 年级：初二 编稿老师：杨萍 审稿老师：杨萍

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[同步教学信息]

预习篇

Unit Six How long have you been collecting shells?

知识框架体系

课 题	How long have you been collecting shells? 你收集了多久贝壳？
话 题	Hobbies 爱好
功 能	Talk about how long you have been doing things 谈论你做某事做了多久
结 构	Present perfect progressive 完成进行时 Simple past tense 一般过去时 Present progressive tense 现在进行时
语言目标	How long have you been skating? 你滑冰滑了多久？ I’ve been skating since nine o’clock. 我自从九点就开始滑了。 When did you start skating? 你从什么时候开始滑冰的。 I started skating at nine o’clock. 从九点开始滑冰的。 Students are skating at the Hilltop School. 学生在山顶学校滑冰。
词汇目标	collect, inline, marathon, skate, stamp, shell, globe, monster, particularly, run out of, be interested in
复习内容	last year, times, numbers, How long…?, student, school, birthday, penguin, hobby, kite
学习策略	Inducing 归纳 Cooperating 合作

Unit Six How long have you been collecting shells?

Section A

【Language goals】

Talk about how long you have been doing things. 谈论你一直做某事有多长时间了。

1. --How long have you been skating?

--I’ve been skating since nine o’clock.

--I’ve been skating for five hours.

2. --How long did you skate?

--I skated for two hours.

3. how long, when, since, for, skating marathon, start, skate, skates, raise money, charity, ago

【Teaching procedure】

Lead-in

A: When did you start studying English?

B: In 2003.

A: You started studying English in 2003. That means you have studying English since 2003. And you have been studying English for 3 years.

In this unit, we’ll learn how long you have been doing things.

1a Discussion

1. How long did you sleep last night? 你昨晚睡了多久？

2. When did you start class today? 你今天什么时候开始上课的？

3. How long have you been in class today? 你今天在教室里上课多久了？

注意：have been 为现在完成时。在这里表示一个动作发生在过去，延续到现在，常与for+段时间，since+点时间连用。形式是：have/has + 动词的过去分词

e.g. I have studied for ten hours. 我学习了十个小时了。

I have studied since nine o’clock. 从九点以来我一直在学习。

1bListening exercise.

Step 1: Talk about the picture.

What are they doing? They are having a skating marathon.

Are all the skaters skating? No, some are skating, some are having a rest.

What is a marathon? It’s a contest to see who can do something-run or dance or skate- the longest without stopping.

Where are they? They are in front of a school.

What does the woman do? She is a reporter. She’s interviewing the skaters.

Step 2: A reporter is talking to the skaters in a skating marathon. Listen and fill in the blanks.

Pay attention: The word “for” comes before the number of hours.

Answers

	How long
Alison	I’ve been skating for five hours.
Sam	I skated for four hours.
Victor	I’ve been skating for five hours.
Celia	I skated for two hours.

1c Pairwork

Ask and answer about the people in the picture.

e.g. A: How long has Alison been skating?

B: She’s been skating for five hours.

A: How long did Sam skate?

B: He skated for four hours.

2a &2b Listening exercises.

Step 1: The skating marathon is over. Now the reporter is interviewing the winner. Read the questions. And check the questions you hear.

Keys: 1, 3, 4, 6

Step 2: Listen again and draw lines to match the questions with answers.

Keys: 1, c, 3, a, 4, b, 6. d

2c Pairwork

Role play the interview between the reporter and Alison.

A: How long have you been skating?

B: I’ve been skating since I was seven years old.

A: Do you skate every day?

B: Yes, I do.

A: Was this your first skating marathon?

B: No, I skated in a marathon last year.

…

Grammar Focus

1. When do we use “since” and when do we use “for”?

We use “since” before a date, and “for” comes before a certain number of years. since用在时间点之前；for用在时间段之前。

2. What is the difference between “How long did you skate?” and “How long have you been skating?”

The did question means the person has stopped doing the action. The have you been question shows that the person is continuing to do the action at the present time.

did问句表示该人已经完成这一动作；have you been问句表示在现在该人仍在继续该动作。

3a Reading

A reporter is reporting from the Hilltop School. What is she reporting? She is reporting the Hilltop School Skating Marathon.

Step 1: Read the passage and answer the questions.

1. Why do they have the skating marathon?

Because they want to raise money for charity.

2. How much does each student raise each hour?

Each student raises ten yuan each hour.

3. How long has the marathon going on?

Five hours.

4. Who was the first to skate?

Alison.

5. How many skaters have been introduced?

Four.

Step 2: Complete the table.

Name	Has been skating for
Alison	5 hours
Sam	4 hours
Lu Ning	4 hours
Li Chen	1 hour

3a 现在是下午2点，在下面的时间线上写出学生的名字。

9 am	10 am	11 am	12 am	1 pm	2 pm
Alison	Lu Ning, Sam			Li Chen

4 Groupwork

采访你的同学。问他们做什么运动，什么时间开始的以及已经做了多久。填下面的表格。

What sport do you play?

When did you start?

How long have you been playing?

【Language focus】

1. 现在完成进行时：

形式： have/has been + 现在分词 （doing）

用法：表示从过去某时开始到现在这一阶段时间里一直延续着的动作。

注意：现在完成时侧重于动作的完成或结束，而现在完成进行时侧重于动作的未完成

和继续进行。

e.g. I have opened the door. 我打开了门。（完成了这一单一动作。）

I have been reading aloud the poem since then.

从那时起我一直在朗读这首诗。（动作从过去一直持续到现在还在继续。）

2. raise money for charity 为慈善机构募钱

eg. We had a party to raise money for the doctors and nurses last night.

昨天晚上我们举行了一个为医务工作者募钱的晚会。

3. whole 整个的

eg. I have been studying for the whole eight hours today.

今天我已经学习了整整八个小时了。

4. an hour ago 一小时以前

eg. I played football an hour ago. 一个小时以前我踢球了。

5. Some explanations of the words.

*collect: take things from different people or places and put them together

e.g. The waiter collected the dirty glasses.

*shell: the hard outside part of bird’s eggs and nuts and of some animals, for example snails and crabs

e.g. A tortoise has a shell on his back.

*since: from then until now

e.g. Andy left three years ago and we haven’t seen him since.

*raise: get money from other people

e.g. We raised 1000 pounds for the hospital.

【Homework】

把activity 4 的表格内容以报告的形式写在作业本上。

【Culture focus】

马拉松赛跑的来历

马拉松赛跑（Marathon）是奥运会上最能体现运动员的毅力和耐力的一个项目。该项目的设立与希波战争中一个悲壮的故事有关。公元前490年，希腊与波斯在雅典东部的军事重镇Marathon激战。当时，波斯大军的兵员比希腊军队多数倍。但最后英勇的希腊人还是打败了波斯军队。希腊军队派了一个名叫菲迪匹得斯（Pheidippides）的士兵徒步跑回雅典报告胜利的喜讯。Marathon距雅典约24英里之遥，当这位士兵到达雅典广场时，只喊了一句“大家欢呼吧，我们胜利了！”便因精疲力竭而倒地身亡。后来，为了纪念这位士兵，1896年第一届现代奥运会设立了长跑项目，并以Marathon来命名。马拉松的标准赛程为26英里385码（42.195公里），这个数字最早出现在1908年的伦敦奥运会上。当时马拉松赛跑的路线是由泰晤士河畔的温莎堡到伦敦，其间相距26英里，多出来的385码是特意安排的，以便让当时的大英帝国国王爱德华七世能够在皇家包厢中欣赏到冲刺的精彩片刻。从1924年第八届奥运会起，国际田联把42.195公里（26英里385码）正式定为马拉松的标准距离，并沿用至今。

【Exercises】

I.选择填空：

( ) 1. I ________ he _________ go there by himself.

A. think, won’t B. don’t think, will

C. don’t think, is D. think, isn’t going to

( ) 2. Do you think _________ an English film tomorrow night?

A. is there B. there is going to be

C. there is going to have D. will there be

( ) 3. You are _________ to return the book to the library in two weeks.

A. supposed B. wanted C. shouted D. thought

( ) 4. Do you think it is difficult __________?

A. study English well B. studies English well

C. studying English well D. to study English well

( ) 5. I don’t think it’s good to copy other’s homework. You should __________ it.

A. get over B. get on C. get up D. get off

( ) 6. Could you __________ me how to __________ it in Chinese?

A. say, speak B. speak, say C. tell, say D. say, tell

( ) 7. I finished my __________ exam last week.

A. end of year B. end of year’s C. end-of year’s D. end-of-year

( ) 8. TV and computers can __________ out eyes to the outside world.

A. start with B. open up C. turn up D. take up

( ) 9. I hope you are __________ good health.

A. in B. on C. with D. for

( ) 10. ---Kate’s radio is too ___________. Please tell her ___________.

--- Well, I’ll go to tell her right now.

A. noise, to turn it up B. noisily, turning it off

C. noisy, to turn it down D. noise, to turn off it

II. 根据括号中的汉语写单词。

1. Alison has been __________(收集贝壳) for 6 years.

2. I have been playing tennis_________(持续两年半).

3. Sam does well in skating, but Victor is good at _________(游泳).

4. I’ve been __________ (学习英语) since 1994.

5. He started skating ___________(半个小时前).

III. 根据汉语，完成下列句子.

1. 我丢了写字台的钥匙.

I lost the _____ _____ the desk.

2. 首先，我们该回到学校去。

_____ of _____, we’d _____ go back to the school.

3.它似乎是一本有趣的书.

It _____ _____ _____ an interesting book.

4. 我们可以向比尔.盖茨学什么？

What can we _____ _____ Bill Gates!

5.. 我肯定他会喜欢这本书.

_____ ______ he’ll _____ this book.

IV.用since 和 for完成句子。

1. We have been working____ twelve o’clock.

2. Bob has been skiing____ he was eight years old.

3. I’ve been collecting kites____ six years.

4. They’ve been arguing___ more than an hour.

5. The Lin family has been living in the neighborhood_____ August.

6. The students have been reading the article_____ ten minutes.

7. Mary has been waiting____ this morning to see her favorite pop star.

答案：

I.1---5 BBADA 6---10: CDBAC

II. 1. collecting shells 2. for two and a half years 3. swimming

4. studying English 5. half an hour ago

III. 1. key, to 2. First, all, better 3. seems, to be 4. learn, from 5. I’m sure, like / love

IV. 1. since 2. since 3. for 4. for 5. since 6. for 7. since